Hard machining refers to the machining of materials that are considered “hard” or difficult to machine, typically materials with a hardness of 45 HRC (Rockwell C Scale) or higher. These materials include hardened steels, tool steels, cast irons, and some exotic metals.
Traditional machining methods, such as turning, milling, and drilling, may not be effective for hard materials because they can quickly wear out the cutting tool, reduce accuracy, and produce poor surface finishes. Hard machining techniques are used to overcome these challenges and improve machining performance.
Some common hard machining techniques include:
High-speed machining: This technique uses high cutting speeds, typically over 1000 SFM, to improve material removal rates and reduce heat generation.
Hard turning: This technique uses single-point cutting tools, typically with carbide or ceramic inserts, to turn hardened materials. The cutting speeds and feeds are lower than those used for conventional turning.
EDM (electrical discharge machining): This technique uses a series of electrical sparks to remove material from the workpiece. It can be used to machine hard materials with complex shapes.
Grinding: This technique uses abrasive particles to remove material from the workpiece. It is commonly used for finishing operations and can produce very precise tolerances and surface finishes.
Hard machining requires specialized equipment and expertise to achieve the best results. The cutting tools used must be able to withstand high temperatures and forces, and the machining parameters must be carefully controlled to ensure the best performance and surface finish. mini dental implants
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